EVIEWS ew Approaches for Exploring Anatomical and unctional Connectivity in the Human Brain

nformation processing in the primate brain is based on the complementary principles of modular and distributed information rocessing. The former emphasizes the specialization of functions within different brain areas. The latter emphasizes the massively arallel nature of brain networks and the fact that function also emerges from the flow of information between brain areas. The ocalization of function to specific brain areas (“functional segregation”) is the commonest approach to investigating function; owever, an emerging, complementary approach (“functional integration”) describes function in terms of the information flow across etworks of areas. Here, we highlight recent advances in neuroimaging methodology that have made it possible to investigate the natomical architecture of networks in the living human brain with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We also highlight recent thinking n the ways in which functional imaging can be used to characterize information transmission across networks in the human brain functional and effective connectivity).